Wednesday, June 29, 2016

What is Conservatism? (Part 1)


On Monday I wrote that “if Trump wins, the conservative movement is finished.” Others, both during and after the primary season, have made similar points that Donald Trump is not a political conservative, that many of his policies as President would effectively be identical to those of Hillary Clinton, and therefore that a vote for Trump is essentially a vote for Clinton, and vice versa.

This argument, which is countered by many Trump supporters who argue that their candidate is either (a) actually a traditional conservative, or (b) redefining conservatism, highlights a problem which has been steadily gaining importance on the Right for years. With virtually all Republican officials and candidates now claiming the mantle of conservatism, and the word coming to mean an increasing number of things to a variety of individuals and groups, not all of whom necessarily agree, what does political conservatism actually mean today? Over the next couple days I’ll attempt to define my take on what truly constitutes a conservative in modern American politics.

A key distinction first needs to be pointed out between the terms “American conservative” and “European conservative”, a distinction which goes a long way toward formulating an appropriate working definition of the former. It’s a common occurrence, especially for American mainstream media covering international politics, to hear the word “conservative” used in a way that suggests commonality of purpose, or that American conservatives will automatically support every item on the agenda of European conservatives. While it’s true that conservatives internationally may indeed agree on some critical issues (such as whether Britain should remain in the E.U.), there is also an important distinction that colors such issues.

Old World conservatives tend to be much more attached to nationalism and a sense of common national identity than American conservatives. This of course isn’t to suggest that American conservatives don’t care about national identity or their country, but to instead highlight the fact that Americans in general perceive national identity, and patriotism, in a way different from many Europeans.

Whereas European countries evolved over many centuries, are deeply rooted in changing territorial boundaries, and trace their cultural lineage based on migrating tribes, languages, and historical fealty to conquering monarchs, America is founded on a much different heritage. From the beginning, America was based on ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy, ideas deeply radical at the time the Constitution was written.

Rather than sharing a long history with each other and with the land they inhabited, the American colonists at the time of the Founding were immigrants or the sons and daughters of immigrants, mainly from England or other English colonies in the Americas, who shared a desire for freedom and a different government system than the intrusive monarchy they had grown up under. Ideals of freedom and liberty, then, more so than any shared history of blood or land, became what bound the new nation together.

These differing national histories continue to shape the respective politics of Europe and America today. Where the European Right concerns itself with preserving the physicality of nations and institutions which have existed in various forms for hundreds of years, perhaps even a thousand or more, the American Right concerns itself with preserving the ideals that continue to propel the United States. America is the only nation in the history of the world to have been primarily founded on ideas, rather than shared land or languages, and this continues to color the mission of the conservative movement.

Tomorrow I'll conclude with some additional thoughts on the differences between European and American conservatives, and how these distinctions can help us define the latter in the age of Trump.

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