Friday, January 13, 2017

For Many States, Another Year Means Another Liberal Try for a VMT


The new year means, in addition to a new Congress and President, the start of new state legislative sessions in capitals across the country. Thousands of bills will be proposed, some good, some bad, some just plain stupid, and most of which will never even make it to a vote, let alone become law.

And in the several states that still have Democratic-controlled legislatures, one particularly bad idea will almost certainly be making a comeback: the Vehicle Mileage Tax (VMT), a scheme to essentially force drivers to pay a tax on every mile traveled, whether on vacation or a trip to the grocery store.

Nationally, Oregon, California, and Washington State are currently exploring the concept via pilot programs (Illinois also uses the system, though its use is restricted to the trucking industry), but it is likely that as the idea becomes more accepted and widespread, more states will begin looking into instituting their own systems.

A primary defense of the VMT is the argument that it will eventually be used as a replacement for state gas taxes, but it seems more likely that any final institution of the VMT would instead be used to supplement the revenue already raised by the gas tax—in effect taxing the same product twice. Yet concerns regarding any VMT proposal necessarily go beyond even the obvious negative repercussions of yet another tax.

A specific constitutional concern would be the fact that each state attempting to impose a VMT system would by necessity need a way to track not only the number of miles travelled, but also precisely where the car travelled. Constitutionally, a state could only tax those miles racked up within state borders—if Maryland, for example, attempted to tax a car's owner for miles travelled in Pennsylvania or Virginia, that would amount to an unconstitutional burden being placed on interstate commerce (shorter distances would be travelled, keeping many residents of one state within the boundaries of that state more often), as well effectively taxing an action that was performed within another state.

To circumvent these constitutional issues, a successful VMT system would need to do one of two things. Either the focus would switch to a national, rather than state, system—which would mean that, discounting drives to Canada or Mexico, only the mileage on a vehicle's odometer would need to be counted regularly—or, if the concept remained state-oriented, some form of GPS would need to be installed in each vehicle, in order to accurately determine where the vehicle had travelled and what miles would be taxable under the VMT regime.

And therein lies the final major problem with the entire VMT concept. As instituting an entirely new tax, one which would likely have a disproportionate impact on the middle class, would have little chance of passing Congress, the immediate future of the VMT likely lies in the states. Mandating that all private vehicles be equipped with a precise tracking system, for the sole purpose of being accessed by the government at periodic intervals, would be an invasion of privacy so severe that even many Democrats would be forced to draw the line.

The essential component of the VMT scheme, one that even its supporters concede would be necessary for the program to function, is also the component that—at least for the near future—ensures that most states will not be subject to yet another example of government overreach. For many Americans, the prospect of yet another tax, one which also requires government monitoring of every individual's movements on a daily basis, is a no-brainer.



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